Sometimes you need to export a collection of data for use to another system. One of the easiest ways is to export it to XML as it is widely accepted as a data exchange format and standard. PHP makes creating and exporting to XML very easy. Below I’ll show you an example where I am exporting… Read More
Having worked with CodeIgnighter for many years, I’ve crafted the following the following HTACCESS script to meet most CI needs.
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# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | CodeIgniter HTACCESS Rules. # | See /application/config/routes.php for controller routing. # # You'll want to verify that the mod is enabled in Apache under Ubuntu. # If not, run "sudo a2enmod rewrite" to enable it. # Restart apache using "sudo service apache2 restart" # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ RewriteEngine on # Do not attempt to process these paths with the CI controller. RewriteCond $1 !^(index\.php|min|min_unit_tests|prototypes|resources|ads|img|captcha|fonts|css|js|html|pdf|robots\.txt|favicon\.ico) RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php?/$1 [L,QSA] # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | BEGIN "Boilerplate" Apache Configs. # | Enable/Improve server compression, security, encoding, etc. # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Apache Server Configs v1.1.0 | MIT License # Source: https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs-apache (Boilerplate) # (!) Using `.htaccess` files slows down Apache, therefore, if you have access # to the main server config file (usually called `httpd.conf`), you should add # this logic there: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/howto/htaccess.html. # ############################################################################## # # CROSS-ORIGIN RESOURCE SHARING (CORS) # # ############################################################################## # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Cross-domain AJAX requests | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Enable cross-origin AJAX requests. # http://code.google.com/p/html5security/wiki/CrossOriginRequestSecurity # http://enable-cors.org/ # <IfModule mod_headers.c> # Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" # </IfModule> # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | CORS-enabled images | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Send the CORS header for images when browsers request it. # https://developer.mozilla.org/en/CORS_Enabled_Image # http://blog.chromium.org/2011/07/using-cross-domain-images-in-webgl-and.html # http://hacks.mozilla.org/2011/11/using-cors-to-load-webgl-textures-from-cross-domain-images/ <IfModule mod_setenvif.c> <IfModule mod_headers.c> <FilesMatch "\.(gif|ico|jpe?g|png|svgz?|webp)$"> SetEnvIf Origin ":" IS_CORS Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" env=IS_CORS </FilesMatch> </IfModule> </IfModule> # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Web fonts access | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Allow access from all domains for web fonts <IfModule mod_headers.c> <FilesMatch "\.(eot|font.css|otf|ttc|ttf|woff)$"> Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" </FilesMatch> </IfModule> # ############################################################################## # # ERRORS # # ############################################################################## # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | 404 error prevention for non-existing redirected folders | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Prevent Apache from returning a 404 error for a rewrite if a directory # with the same name does not exist. # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/content-negotiation.html#multiviews # http://www.webmasterworld.com/apache/3808792.htm Options -MultiViews # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Custom error messages / pages | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # You can customize what Apache returns to the client in case of an error (see # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#errordocument), e.g.: ErrorDocument 404 /404.html # ############################################################################## # # INTERNET EXPLORER # # ############################################################################## # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Better website experience | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Force IE to render pages in the highest available mode in the various # cases when it may not: http://hsivonen.iki.fi/doctype/ie-mode.pdf. <IfModule mod_headers.c> Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=edge" # `mod_headers` can't match based on the content-type, however, we only # want to send this header for HTML pages and not for the other resources <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|crx|css|eot|gif|htc|ico|jpe?g|js|m4a|m4v|manifest|mp4|oex|oga|ogg|ogv|otf|pdf|png|safariextz|svgz?|ttf|vcf|webapp|webm|webp|woff|xml|xpi)$"> Header unset X-UA-Compatible </FilesMatch> </IfModule> # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Cookie setting from iframes | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Allow cookies to be set from iframes in IE. # <IfModule mod_headers.c> # Header set P3P "policyref=\"/w3c/p3p.xml\", CP=\"IDC DSP COR ADM DEVi TAIi PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONi HIS OUR IND CNT\"" # </IfModule> # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Screen flicker | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Stop screen flicker in IE on CSS rollovers (this only works in # combination with the `ExpiresByType` directives for images from below). # BrowserMatch "MSIE" brokenvary=1 # BrowserMatch "Mozilla/4.[0-9]{2}" brokenvary=1 # BrowserMatch "Opera" !brokenvary # SetEnvIf brokenvary 1 force-no-vary # ############################################################################## # # MIME TYPES AND ENCODING # # ############################################################################## # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Proper MIME types for all files | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ <IfModule mod_mime.c> # Audio AddType audio/mp4 m4a f4a f4b AddType audio/ogg oga ogg # JavaScript # Normalize to standard type (it's sniffed in IE anyways): # http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4329#section-7.2 AddType application/javascript js AddType application/json json # Video AddType video/mp4 mp4 m4v f4v f4p AddType video/ogg ogv AddType video/webm webm AddType video/x-flv flv # Web fonts AddType application/font-woff woff AddType application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot # Browsers usually ignore the font MIME types and sniff the content, # however, Chrome shows a warning if other MIME types are used for the # following fonts. AddType application/x-font-ttf ttc ttf AddType font/opentype otf # Make SVGZ fonts work on iPad: # https://twitter.com/FontSquirrel/status/14855840545 AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz AddEncoding gzip svgz # Other AddType application/octet-stream safariextz AddType application/x-chrome-extension crx AddType application/x-opera-extension oex AddType application/x-shockwave-flash swf AddType application/x-web-app-manifest+json webapp AddType application/x-xpinstall xpi AddType application/xml atom rdf rss xml AddType image/webp webp AddType image/x-icon ico AddType text/cache-manifest appcache manifest AddType text/vtt vtt AddType text/x-component htc AddType text/x-vcard vcf </IfModule> # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | UTF-8 encoding | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Use UTF-8 encoding for anything served as `text/html` or `text/plain`. AddDefaultCharset utf-8 # Force UTF-8 for certain file formats. <IfModule mod_mime.c> AddCharset utf-8 .atom .css .js .json .rss .vtt .webapp .xml </IfModule> # ############################################################################## # # URL REWRITES # # ############################################################################## # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Rewrite engine | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Turning on the rewrite engine and enabling the `FollowSymLinks` option is # necessary for the following directives to work. # If your web host doesn't allow the `FollowSymlinks` option, you may need to # comment it out and use `Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch` but, be aware of the # performance impact: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/misc/perf-tuning.html#symlinks # Also, some cloud hosting services require `RewriteBase` to be set: # http://www.rackspace.com/knowledge_center/frequently-asked-question/why-is-mod-rewrite-not-working-on-my-site <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> Options +FollowSymlinks # Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch RewriteEngine On # RewriteBase / </IfModule> # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Suppressing / Forcing the "www." at the beginning of URLs | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # The same content should never be available under two different URLs especially # not with and without "www." at the beginning. This can cause SEO problems # (duplicate content), therefore, you should choose one of the alternatives and # redirect the other one. # By default option 1 (no "www.") is activated: # http://no-www.org/faq.php?q=class_b # If you'd prefer to use option 2, just comment out all the lines from option 1 # and uncomment the ones from option 2. # IMPORTANT: NEVER USE BOTH RULES AT THE SAME TIME! # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - # Option 1: rewrite www.example.com → example.com <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC] RewriteRule ^ http://%1%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] </IfModule> # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - # Option 2: rewrite example.com → www.example.com # Be aware that the following might not be a good idea if you use "real" # subdomains for certain parts of your website. # <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> # RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on # RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\..+$ [NC] # RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !=localhost [NC] # RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !=127.0.0.1 # RewriteRule ^ http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] # </IfModule> # ############################################################################## # # SECURITY # # ############################################################################## # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Content Security Policy (CSP) | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # You can mitigate the risk of cross-site scripting and other content-injection # attacks by setting a Content Security Policy which whitelists trusted sources # of content for your site. # The example header below allows ONLY scripts that are loaded from the current # site's origin (no inline scripts, no CDN, etc). This almost certainly won't # work as-is for your site! # To get all the details you'll need to craft a reasonable policy for your site, # read: http://html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/content-security-policy (or # see the specification: http://w3.org/TR/CSP). # <IfModule mod_headers.c> # Header set Content-Security-Policy "script-src 'self'; object-src 'self'" # <FilesMatch "\.(appcache|crx|css|eot|gif|htc|ico|jpe?g|js|m4a|m4v|manifest|mp4|oex|oga|ogg|ogv|otf|pdf|png|safariextz|svgz?|ttf|vcf|webapp|webm|webp|woff|xml|xpi)$"> # Header unset Content-Security-Policy # </FilesMatch> # </IfModule> # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | File access | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Block access to directories without a default document. # Usually you should leave this uncommented because you shouldn't allow anyone # to surf through every directory on your server (which may includes rather # private places like the CMS's directories). <IfModule mod_autoindex.c> Options -Indexes </IfModule> # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - # Block access to hidden files and directories. # This includes directories used by version control systems such as Git and SVN. <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -d [OR] RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -f RewriteRule "(^|/)\." - [F] </IfModule> # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - # Block access to backup and source files. # These files may be left by some text editors and can pose a great security # danger when anyone has access to them. <FilesMatch "(^#.*#|\.(bak|config|dist|fla|inc|ini|log|psd|sh|sql|sw[op])|~)$"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy All </FilesMatch> # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Rewrite secure requests properly to prevent SSL certificate warnings, e.g.: # prevent `https://www.example.com` when your certificate only allows # `https://secure.example.com`. # <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> # RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^443 # RewriteRule ^ https://example-domain-please-change-me.com%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] # </IfModule> # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Force client-side SSL redirection. # If a user types "example.com" in his browser, the above rule will redirect # him to the secure version of the site. That still leaves a window of oppor- # tunity (the initial HTTP connection) for an attacker to downgrade or redirect # the request. The following header ensures that browser will ONLY connect to # your server via HTTPS, regardless of what the users type in the address bar. # http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-strict-transport-sec-14#section-6.1 # http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/transport-layer-security/ # (!) Remove the `includeSubDomains` optional directive if the subdomains are # not using HTTPS. # <IfModule mod_headers.c> # Header set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=16070400; includeSubDomains" # </IfModule> # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Server software information | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Avoid displaying the exact Apache version number, the description of the # generic OS-type and the information about Apache's compiled-in modules. # ADD THIS DIRECTIVE IN THE `httpd.conf` AS IT WILL NOT WORK IN THE `.htaccess`! # ServerTokens Prod # ############################################################################## # # WEB PERFORMANCE # # ############################################################################## # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Compression | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ <IfModule mod_deflate.c> # Force compression for mangled headers. # http://developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/posts/2010/12/pushing-beyond-gzipping <IfModule mod_setenvif.c> <IfModule mod_headers.c> SetEnvIfNoCase ^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)\s*,?\s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding "gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding </IfModule> </IfModule> # Compress all output labeled with one of the following MIME-types # (for Apache versions below 2.3.7, you don't need to enable `mod_filter` # and can remove the `<IfModule mod_filter.c>` and `</IfModule>` lines # as `AddOutputFilterByType` is still in the core directives). <IfModule mod_filter.c> AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/atom+xml \ application/javascript \ application/json \ application/rss+xml \ application/vnd.ms-fontobject \ application/x-font-ttf \ application/x-web-app-manifest+json \ application/xhtml+xml \ application/xml \ font/opentype \ image/svg+xml \ image/x-icon \ text/css \ text/html \ text/plain \ text/x-component \ text/xml </IfModule> </IfModule> # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Content transformations | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Prevent some of the mobile network providers from modifying the content of # your site: http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.9.5. # <IfModule mod_headers.c> # Header set Cache-Control "no-transform" # </IfModule> # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | ETag removal | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Since we're sending far-future expires headers (see below), ETags can # be removed: http://developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#etags. # `FileETag None` is not enough for every server. <IfModule mod_headers.c> Header unset ETag </IfModule> FileETag None # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Expires headers (for better cache control) | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # The following expires headers are set pretty far in the future. If you don't # control versioning with filename-based cache busting, consider lowering the # cache time for resources like CSS and JS to something like 1 week. <IfModule mod_expires.c> ExpiresActive on ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 month" # CSS ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 year" # Data interchange ExpiresByType application/json "access plus 0 seconds" ExpiresByType application/xml "access plus 0 seconds" ExpiresByType text/xml "access plus 0 seconds" # Favicon (cannot be renamed!) ExpiresByType image/x-icon "access plus 1 week" # HTML components (HTCs) ExpiresByType text/x-component "access plus 1 month" # HTML ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 0 seconds" # JavaScript ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 year" # Manifest files ExpiresByType application/x-web-app-manifest+json "access plus 0 seconds" ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest "access plus 0 seconds" # Media ExpiresByType audio/ogg "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType video/mp4 "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType video/ogg "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType video/webm "access plus 1 month" # Web feeds ExpiresByType application/atom+xml "access plus 1 hour" ExpiresByType application/rss+xml "access plus 1 hour" # Web fonts ExpiresByType application/font-woff "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType application/x-font-ttf "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType font/opentype "access plus 1 month" ExpiresByType image/svg+xml "access plus 1 month" </IfModule> # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Filename-based cache busting | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # If you're not using a build process to manage your filename version revving, # you might want to consider enabling the following directives to route all # requests such as `/css/style.12345.css` to `/css/style.css`. # To understand why this is important and a better idea than `*.css?v231`, read: # http://stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring # <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> # RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f # RewriteRule ^(.+)\.(\d+)\.(js|css|png|jpg|gif)$ $1.$3 [L] # </IfModule> # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | File concatenation | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Allow concatenation from within specific CSS and JS files, e.g.: # Inside of `script.combined.js` you could have # <!--#include file="libs/jquery.js" --> # <!--#include file="plugins/jquery.idletimer.js" --> # and they would be included into this single file. # <IfModule mod_include.c> # <FilesMatch "\.combined\.js$"> # Options +Includes # AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES application/javascript application/json # SetOutputFilter INCLUDES # </FilesMatch> # <FilesMatch "\.combined\.css$"> # Options +Includes # AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES text/css # SetOutputFilter INCLUDES # </FilesMatch> # </IfModule> # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # | Persistent connections | # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Allow multiple requests to be sent over the same TCP connection: # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/en/mod/core.html#keepalive. # Enable if you serve a lot of static content but, be aware of the # possible disadvantages! # <IfModule mod_headers.c> # Header set Connection Keep-Alive # </IfModule> |